工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(Industrial?Personal?Computer)通(tong)(tong)俗的說就是(shi)專(zhuan)門為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)現場(chang)而(er)(er)設計的計算機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)電(dian)(dian)腦的環(huan)境要(yao)惡劣，有(you)些(xie)(xie)好的品牌機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)確實能在(zai)相(xiang)同(tong)環(huan)境運行(xing)，或許還能穩(wen)定，但不(bu)能保(bao)證長時間穩(wen)定工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，很多工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)在(zai)無人區，是(shi)不(bu)允許有(you)任(ren)何(he)錯誤的，穩(wen)定高于(yu)性能。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)子元件(jian)(jian)的用料上(shang)就要(yao)不(bu)同(tong)于(yu)普通(tong)(tong)商務(wu)電(dian)(dian)腦，也是(shi)成本差別。市(shi)場(chang)面也不(bu)同(tong)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的接口(kou)需(xu)求在(zai)現在(zai)家用電(dian)(dian)腦上(shang)有(you)些(xie)(xie)已經被淘汰，而(er)(er)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)電(dian)(dian)腦則需(xu)求而(er)(er)且(qie)超常規。系統架構不(bu)全相(xiang)同(tong)，只是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)做了某(mou)些(xie)(xie)特(te)殊設計保(bao)持了其與普通(tong)(tong)商用機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的硬(ying)件(jian)(jian)互換性。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)可靠(kao)性、穩(wen)定性、耐候性、抗(kang)震(zhen)性、防水防塵(chen)性、抗(kang)干擾(rao)性、可擴展性、EMC兼容性能等方面肯定要(yao)優于(yu)商用機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，元器件(jian)(jian)多是(shi)選用工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)級甚至部分采用軍用級的，這樣才能適(shi)應(ying)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)現場(chang)環(huan)境的要(yao)求。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)現場(chang)一般具有(you)強(qiang)烈(lie)的震(zhen)動，灰塵(chen)特(te)別多，另有(you)很高的電(dian)(dian)磁場(chang)力干擾(rao)等特(te)點(dian)，且(qie)一般工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠均(jun)是(shi)連續作(zuo)業(ye)即一年中一般沒有(you)休息(xi)。因此(ci)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與普通(tong)(tong)計算機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)比必(bi)須具有(you)以下特(te)點(dian)：

      1)機箱采用鋼結構，有較高的防磁、防塵、防沖擊的能力。
      2)機箱內有專用底板，底板上有PCI和ISA插槽。
      3)機箱內有專門電源，電源有較強的抗干擾能力。
      4)要求具有連續長時間工作能力。
      5)一般采用便于安裝的標準機箱(4U標準機箱較為常見)