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為什么工控主板的價格比商用主板高?
2017-05-25 13:45:35 新聞來源:草莓視頻app在線下載:深圳市澤創偉業科技有限公司
為什么工控主板的價格(ge)比商用主板高?相信很多(duo)用戶朋(peng)友都有這(zhe)個(ge)疑問(wen),下面(mian)澤創偉(wei)業小(xiao)編就來給大家分析下。
一、保護功能
商(shang)用主板沒(mei)有提(ti)供(gong)的任何的保(bao)護功能;
工(gong)控主板通過特殊(shu)設計,在(zai)遇(yu)到死機等異常(chang)情況,可以實現看門狗自動重新啟動、防浪涌(yong)沖擊等功能,全力的保證系統在(zai)惡(e)劣環(huan)境的高穩定性(xing)的要(yao)求。
二、工作溫度與散熱方式
商(shang)用(yong)主板(ban)基(ji)本只能在5℃~38℃之(zhi)間(jian)的環境溫度中(zhong)使用(yong),對(dui)機構的散(san)熱要求低,講(jiang)究外觀夠炫夠酷。
工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)板可以在-20℃~60℃之(zhi)間的(de)(de)環境中穩定、無(wu)故障的(de)(de)工(gong)作,甚(shen)至某些工(gong)業(ye)主(zhu)板采用特殊的(de)(de)寬(kuan)溫(wen)設(she)(she)計(ji),溫(wen)度(du)范(fan)圍可達-20度(du)~70度(du)。這(zhe)對機(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)散熱(re)方案,散熱(re)效率都是一個嚴峻的(de)(de)考驗。在工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)板機(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)散熱(re)設(she)(she)計(ji)上,必須(xu)使(shi)用的(de)(de)特殊散熱(re)設(she)(she)計(ji),甚(shen)至還采用全鋁制的(de)(de)機(ji)構(gou)外殼,而(er)且對CPU、南北橋(qiao)和硬(ying)盤(pan)等發熱(re)大戶(hu),進行(xing)特殊處理,保證工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)板和整機(ji)的(de)(de)正常運(yun)行(xing)。
很(hen)多工(gong)控機(ji)由于在惡劣的(de)應用(yong)(yong)環境下(例如潮濕(shi)、振動、多塵、輻射(she)、高(gao)溫等等應用(yong)(yong)環境)使用(yong)(yong),空氣(qi)中的(de)塵埃和(he)(he)鹽分,都會對主(zhu)板造(zao)成腐蝕,影響主(zhu)板的(de)正常使用(yong)(yong),因此很(hen)多工(gong)控機(ji)有(you)(you)必(bi)要采用(yong)(yong)無(wu)風扇的(de)機(ji)箱結(jie)(jie)構(gou),防止惡劣環境對系統造(zao)成傷害(hai)。但是全密封無(wu)風扇的(de)結(jie)(jie)構(gou),因為熱源的(de)互(hu)相干擾,對主(zhu)板的(de)性能(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)穩定(ding)性的(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)比較高(gao),對機(ji)構(gou)的(de)散(san)熱方式和(he)(he)散(san)熱效能(neng)(neng)的(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)很(hen)高(gao),務必(bi)要將積熱有(you)(you)效散(san)發出去(qu)。
三、使用環境
工控主板常在惡劣環境下工作(壽命期內永久開機、氣候惡劣、潮濕、振動、多塵、輻射、高溫等等),而這些環境下是商用主板無法勝任,當今商業主板大部分只能運行在安定的環境下(工作時間短、室內、常溫等等)。
四、主板元器件的用料與設計:
商用主板:
商用主板由于(yu)其(qi)更新(xin)換代的(de)速度(du)比較快,且對產(chan)(chan)品的(de)穩定性(xing)及(ji)使(shi)用環(huan)境(jing)的(de)要求比較低(di),故此追求的(de)是產(chan)(chan)品的(de)時效(xiao)性(xing),以及(ji)本身產(chan)(chan)品的(de)市場定位,對元器(qi)(qi)件選(xuan)擇要求上一(yi)般(ban)只需滿足系統運行2到3年的(de)使(shi)用壽(shou)命即可(3年之(zhi)后大部分(fen)已經更新(xin)換代了(le)(le)),元器(qi)(qi)件的(de)用料上使(shi)用普(pu)通(tong)級(ji)別的(de)就可以了(le)(le)。例如(ru)電(dian)(dian)容,商用主板都是大量使(shi)用普(pu)通(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容,一(yi)是出于(yu)商用市場產(chan)(chan)品的(de)使(shi)用考慮,二是為降低(di)主板的(de)成本考慮。
工控主板:
1)工控(kong)主板的元器(qi)件
工(gong)控主(zhu)板選(xuan)料會(hui)選(xuan)用經過長時間,高要(yao)求(qiu)驗證元器件(jian)(jian),用以保證產品在惡(e)劣(lie)條件(jian)(jian)下(xia)高可靠性要(yao)求(qiu)。例如(ru)工(gong)控主(zhu)板的元器件(jian)(jian)需(xu)要(yao)適應寬溫環(huan)境(jing)(-20℃~60℃),如(ru)固態電容(rong)器,保證在惡(e)劣(lie)環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)(壽命期(qi)內(nei)永久開機、氣(qi)候(hou)惡(e)劣(lie)、潮濕(shi)、振動、多塵(chen)、輻(fu)射(she)、高溫等等)正(zheng)常工(gong)作;主(zhu)板元器件(jian)(jian)需(xu)要(yao)耐高溫、抗潮濕(shi)等等。
2)工控主(zhu)板(ban)的電容(rong)
工(gong)控(kong)(kong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)貼(tie)片(pian)(pian)式的(de)(de)(de)固(gu)態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、鉭(tan)、陶瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),即使(shi)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),對(dui)其品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)、性(xing)能及(ji)(ji)(ji)壽命要求也遠(yuan)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)商用(yong)產品(pin),現在的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)控(kong)(kong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)都基本(ben)(ben)上(shang)采用(yong)固(gu)態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),特別中高(gao)端的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)控(kong)(kong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)。商用(yong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)基本(ben)(ben)都是(shi)大(da)量(liang)采用(yong)針腳式的(de)(de)(de)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),因為大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)低(di)、容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)值大(da)一(yi)個可(ke)以(yi)頂多個貼(tie)片(pian)(pian)或坦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)。從性(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)來說,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)不(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)鉭(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、陶瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)高(gao),壽命不(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)它們長,耐高(gao)溫程度(du)不(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)它們好。貼(tie)片(pian)(pian)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)比針腳式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)更加(jia)穩(wen)定(ding)。從價格上(shang),鉭(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)比普通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)要貴,且由(you)于(yu)(yu)鉭(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)較(jiao)小,使(shi)用(yong)在主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)時,需要使(shi)用(yong)更多數(shu)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),單單鉭(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)就是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)幾十倍,這也是(shi)導致工(gong)控(kong)(kong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)比商用(yong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)價格高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)原因之一(yi)。隨著(zhu)國產固(gu)態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器廠家越來越多,固(gu)態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器的(de)(de)(de)價格的(de)(de)(de)下降,現在的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)檔次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)商用(yong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)都在使(shi)用(yong)固(gu)態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器。
3)工控主(zhu)板的PCB
商用主板(ban)采用的(de)是(shi)(shi)4層PCB設(she)計(ji),一般的(de)PCB線路板(ban)分有四層,最(zui)(zui)上(shang)和最(zui)(zui)下的(de)兩層是(shi)(shi)信(xin)號層,中(zhong)間兩層是(shi)(shi)接(jie)地層和電(dian)源(yuan)層,將(jiang)接(jie)地和電(dian)源(yuan)層放在中(zhong)間。工業主板(ban)采用的(de)是(shi)(shi)6層以上(shang)PCB線路板(ban)設(she)計(ji),其設(she)計(ji)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了加強(qiang)主板(ban)的(de)抗電(dian)磁(ci)干擾、電(dian)磁(ci)兼容能力,增(zeng)強(qiang)主板(ban)的(de)穩定性等等。
4)工控主板的壽(shou)命
與商用(yong)主(zhu)板2到(dao)3年(nian)使(shi)用(yong)壽命不同,大多(duo)數的(de)(de)工控主(zhu)板壽命要(yao)求在3年(nian)以上(shang),部分高品質的(de)(de)工控主(zhu)板,使(shi)用(yong)壽命甚至達(da)到(dao)5—7年(nian)。
一、保護功能
商(shang)用主板沒(mei)有提(ti)供(gong)的任何的保(bao)護功能;
工(gong)控主板通過特殊(shu)設計,在(zai)遇(yu)到死機等異常(chang)情況,可以實現看門狗自動重新啟動、防浪涌(yong)沖擊等功能,全力的保證系統在(zai)惡(e)劣環(huan)境的高穩定性(xing)的要(yao)求。
二、工作溫度與散熱方式
商(shang)用(yong)主板(ban)基(ji)本只能在5℃~38℃之(zhi)間(jian)的環境溫度中(zhong)使用(yong),對(dui)機構的散(san)熱要求低,講(jiang)究外觀夠炫夠酷。
工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)板可以在-20℃~60℃之(zhi)間的(de)(de)環境中穩定、無(wu)故障的(de)(de)工(gong)作,甚(shen)至某些工(gong)業(ye)主(zhu)板采用特殊的(de)(de)寬(kuan)溫(wen)設(she)(she)計(ji),溫(wen)度(du)范(fan)圍可達-20度(du)~70度(du)。這(zhe)對機(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)散熱(re)方案,散熱(re)效率都是一個嚴峻的(de)(de)考驗。在工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)板機(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)散熱(re)設(she)(she)計(ji)上,必須(xu)使(shi)用的(de)(de)特殊散熱(re)設(she)(she)計(ji),甚(shen)至還采用全鋁制的(de)(de)機(ji)構(gou)外殼,而(er)且對CPU、南北橋(qiao)和硬(ying)盤(pan)等發熱(re)大戶(hu),進行(xing)特殊處理,保證工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)板和整機(ji)的(de)(de)正常運(yun)行(xing)。
很(hen)多工(gong)控機(ji)由于在惡劣的(de)應用(yong)(yong)環境下(例如潮濕(shi)、振動、多塵、輻射(she)、高(gao)溫等等應用(yong)(yong)環境)使用(yong)(yong),空氣(qi)中的(de)塵埃和(he)(he)鹽分,都會對主(zhu)板造(zao)成腐蝕,影響主(zhu)板的(de)正常使用(yong)(yong),因此很(hen)多工(gong)控機(ji)有(you)(you)必(bi)要采用(yong)(yong)無(wu)風扇的(de)機(ji)箱結(jie)(jie)構(gou),防止惡劣環境對系統造(zao)成傷害(hai)。但是全密封無(wu)風扇的(de)結(jie)(jie)構(gou),因為熱源的(de)互(hu)相干擾,對主(zhu)板的(de)性能(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)穩定(ding)性的(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)比較高(gao),對機(ji)構(gou)的(de)散(san)熱方式和(he)(he)散(san)熱效能(neng)(neng)的(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)很(hen)高(gao),務必(bi)要將積熱有(you)(you)效散(san)發出去(qu)。
三、使用環境
工控主板常在惡劣環境下工作(壽命期內永久開機、氣候惡劣、潮濕、振動、多塵、輻射、高溫等等),而這些環境下是商用主板無法勝任,當今商業主板大部分只能運行在安定的環境下(工作時間短、室內、常溫等等)。
四、主板元器件的用料與設計:
商用主板:
商用主板由于(yu)其(qi)更新(xin)換代的(de)速度(du)比較快,且對產(chan)(chan)品的(de)穩定性(xing)及(ji)使(shi)用環(huan)境(jing)的(de)要求比較低(di),故此追求的(de)是產(chan)(chan)品的(de)時效(xiao)性(xing),以及(ji)本身產(chan)(chan)品的(de)市場定位,對元器(qi)(qi)件選(xuan)擇要求上一(yi)般(ban)只需滿足系統運行2到3年的(de)使(shi)用壽(shou)命即可(3年之(zhi)后大部分(fen)已經更新(xin)換代了(le)(le)),元器(qi)(qi)件的(de)用料上使(shi)用普(pu)通(tong)級(ji)別的(de)就可以了(le)(le)。例如(ru)電(dian)(dian)容,商用主板都是大量使(shi)用普(pu)通(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容,一(yi)是出于(yu)商用市場產(chan)(chan)品的(de)使(shi)用考慮,二是為降低(di)主板的(de)成本考慮。
工控主板:
1)工控(kong)主板的元器(qi)件
工(gong)控主(zhu)板選(xuan)料會(hui)選(xuan)用經過長時間,高要(yao)求(qiu)驗證元器件(jian)(jian),用以保證產品在惡(e)劣(lie)條件(jian)(jian)下(xia)高可靠性要(yao)求(qiu)。例如(ru)工(gong)控主(zhu)板的元器件(jian)(jian)需(xu)要(yao)適應寬溫環(huan)境(jing)(-20℃~60℃),如(ru)固態電容(rong)器,保證在惡(e)劣(lie)環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)(壽命期(qi)內(nei)永久開機、氣(qi)候(hou)惡(e)劣(lie)、潮濕(shi)、振動、多塵(chen)、輻(fu)射(she)、高溫等等)正(zheng)常工(gong)作;主(zhu)板元器件(jian)(jian)需(xu)要(yao)耐高溫、抗潮濕(shi)等等。
2)工控主(zhu)板(ban)的電容(rong)
工(gong)控(kong)(kong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)貼(tie)片(pian)(pian)式的(de)(de)(de)固(gu)態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、鉭(tan)、陶瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),即使(shi)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),對(dui)其品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)、性(xing)能及(ji)(ji)(ji)壽命要求也遠(yuan)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)商用(yong)產品(pin),現在的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)控(kong)(kong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)都基本(ben)(ben)上(shang)采用(yong)固(gu)態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),特別中高(gao)端的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)控(kong)(kong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)。商用(yong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)基本(ben)(ben)都是(shi)大(da)量(liang)采用(yong)針腳式的(de)(de)(de)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),因為大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)低(di)、容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)值大(da)一(yi)個可(ke)以(yi)頂多個貼(tie)片(pian)(pian)或坦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)。從性(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)來說,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)不(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)鉭(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、陶瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)高(gao),壽命不(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)它們長,耐高(gao)溫程度(du)不(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)它們好。貼(tie)片(pian)(pian)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)比針腳式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)更加(jia)穩(wen)定(ding)。從價格上(shang),鉭(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)比普通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)要貴,且由(you)于(yu)(yu)鉭(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)較(jiao)小,使(shi)用(yong)在主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)時,需要使(shi)用(yong)更多數(shu)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),單單鉭(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)就是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)幾十倍,這也是(shi)導致工(gong)控(kong)(kong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)比商用(yong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)價格高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)原因之一(yi)。隨著(zhu)國產固(gu)態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器廠家越來越多,固(gu)態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器的(de)(de)(de)價格的(de)(de)(de)下降,現在的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)檔次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)商用(yong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)都在使(shi)用(yong)固(gu)態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器。
3)工控主(zhu)板的PCB
商用主板(ban)采用的(de)是(shi)(shi)4層PCB設(she)計(ji),一般的(de)PCB線路板(ban)分有四層,最(zui)(zui)上(shang)和最(zui)(zui)下的(de)兩層是(shi)(shi)信(xin)號層,中(zhong)間兩層是(shi)(shi)接(jie)地層和電(dian)源(yuan)層,將(jiang)接(jie)地和電(dian)源(yuan)層放在中(zhong)間。工業主板(ban)采用的(de)是(shi)(shi)6層以上(shang)PCB線路板(ban)設(she)計(ji),其設(she)計(ji)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了加強(qiang)主板(ban)的(de)抗電(dian)磁(ci)干擾、電(dian)磁(ci)兼容能力,增(zeng)強(qiang)主板(ban)的(de)穩定性等等。
4)工控主板的壽(shou)命
與商用(yong)主(zhu)板2到(dao)3年(nian)使(shi)用(yong)壽命不同,大多(duo)數的(de)(de)工控主(zhu)板壽命要(yao)求在3年(nian)以上(shang),部分高品質的(de)(de)工控主(zhu)板,使(shi)用(yong)壽命甚至達(da)到(dao)5—7年(nian)。